Business
The largest cruise ship in the world sets sail, raising concerns about methane emissions
By - 27 Jan 2024 05:47 PM
New York: The largest cruise ship in the world is scheduled to set sail for the first time on Saturday, but environmental organizations fear that the ship, which will be powered by liquefied natural gas, as well as future enormous cruise ships, will leak toxic methane into the atmosphere.Taking advantage of the rising popularity of cruises, Royal Caribbean International's Icon of the Seas, with a capacity of 8,000 passengers across 20 decks, sets sail from Miami.
Although LNG burns more cleanly than conventional marine fuel and carries a higher risk of methane emissions, the ship is designed to run on LNG. Because of its short-term negative effects, environmental groups claim that methane leakage from ship engines poses an intolerable risk to the climate.
"It's a step in the wrong direction," declared Bryan Comer, the head of the Marine Program at the environmental policy think tank, International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT)."We would estimate that using LNG as a marine fuel emits over 120% more life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions than marine gas oil," he stated.
Methane has warming effects that are 80 times worse over 20 years than those of carbon dioxide, so reducing emissions is essential to slowing the rise in global temperatures.
Industry experts claim that low-pressure, dual-fuel engines found in cruise ships such as Icon of the Seas cause "methane slip," or the release of methane into the atmosphere during combustion. Although they are too tall to fit in a cruise ship, two additional engines that are used on bulk carriers or container ships produce less methane.
According to Royal Caribbean, the new ship is 24% more carbon-efficient than what the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the global regulator of shipping, requires.
The majority of the world's shipping fleet runs on very low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO), which produces more greenhouse emissions than LNG, according to Steve Esau, chief operating officer of Sea-LNG, an industry advocacy group.
It is "important to make sure that all the natural gas is converted to energy," according to Juha Kytola, director of R&D and Engineering at Wartsila, the company that created the engines on cruise ships. Cruise engines use natural gas to generate power in a cylinder.
He added that Wartsila's natural gas engine technology emits 90% less methane than it did twenty to thirty years ago. What is not converted can escape during the combustion process and into the atmosphere, he said.
According to research conducted in 2024 and supported by the ICCT and other partners, the average methane slip in cruise ship engines is estimated to be 6.4%. Methane slip is assumed by the IMO to be 3.5%.
"Methane is coming under more scrutiny," stated Anna Barford, a nonprofit organization's Canada shipping campaigner, pointing out that the IMO stated last summer that addressing methane emissions is part of its efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Sixty-three percent of the 54 ships scheduled for delivery between January 2024 and December 2028 are anticipated to run on LNG, as reported by the Cruise Line International Association. Approximately six percent of the 300 cruise ships in operation today run on LNG.
Modern cruise ships are being built to run on LNG, conventional marine gas oil, or bio-LNG, which is an alternative that makes up very little of the fuel used in the United States.
According to Nick Rose, vice president of environmental, social, and governance at Royal Caribbean, the company will switch up its fuel mix as the market changes.
